{
  "id": "CVE-2019-16928",
  "url": "https://spydr.io/cve/CVE-2019-16928",
  "published": "2019-09-27T21:15:10.017Z",
  "modified": "2026-06-17T02:22:58.967Z",
  "score": 9.8,
  "severity": "critical",
  "cvss_version": "3.1",
  "vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
  "score_source": "NVD",
  "epss": 0.41638,
  "epss_percentile": 0.9865,
  "exploited": true,
  "kev": {
    "added": "2022-03-03",
    "due": "2022-03-17",
    "action": "Apply updates per vendor instructions.",
    "ransomware": "Unknown",
    "name": "Exim Out-of-bounds Write Vulnerability",
    "notes": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16928"
  },
  "ssvc_exploitation": "active",
  "vendors": [
    "exim",
    "canonical",
    "debian",
    "fedoraproject"
  ],
  "products": [
    "exim",
    "canonical ubuntu linux",
    "debian linux",
    "fedoraproject fedora"
  ],
  "cwes": [
    "CWE-787"
  ],
  "description": "Exim 4.92 through 4.92.2 allows remote code execution, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-15846. There is a heap-based buffer overflow in string_vformat in string.c involving a long EHLO command.",
  "status": "Analyzed",
  "score_type": "Primary",
  "scores": {
    "cvss_v40": null,
    "cvss_v31": 9.8,
    "cvss_v30": null
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/28/1",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Mailing List",
        "Mitigation",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/28/2",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Mailing List",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/28/3",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/28/4",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://bugs.exim.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2449",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking",
        "Patch",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.exim.org/exim.git/commit/478effbfd9c3cc5a627fc671d4bf94d13670d65f",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://lists.exim.org/lurker/message/20190927.032457.c1044d4c.en.html",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EED7HM3MFIBAP5OIMJAFJ35JAJABTVSC/",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T3TJW4HPYH3O5HZCWGD6NSHTEBTTAPDC/",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UY6HPRW7MR3KBQ5JFHH6OXM7YCZBJCOB/",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Sep/60",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-47",
      "tags": [
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4141-1/",
      "tags": [
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4536",
      "tags": [
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2019-16928",
      "tags": [
        "US Government Resource"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "nvd_url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16928",
  "covered_in": [],
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "NVD",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov",
      "notice": "This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD."
    },
    {
      "source": "CISA KEV",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "notice": "Known exploited vulnerabilities from the CISA KEV catalog."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss",
      "notice": "Exploit prediction scores from FIRST EPSS."
    }
  ]
}