{
  "id": "CVE-2023-41991",
  "url": "https://spydr.io/cve/CVE-2023-41991",
  "published": "2023-09-21T19:15:11.283Z",
  "modified": "2026-06-17T06:23:13.087Z",
  "score": 5.5,
  "severity": "medium",
  "cvss_version": "3.1",
  "vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
  "score_source": "NVD",
  "epss": 0.1338,
  "epss_percentile": 0.96322,
  "exploited": true,
  "kev": {
    "added": "2023-09-25",
    "due": "2023-10-16",
    "action": "Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.",
    "ransomware": "Unknown",
    "name": "Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability",
    "notes": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213926, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213928, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213929, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41991"
  },
  "ssvc_exploitation": "active",
  "vendors": [
    "Apple"
  ],
  "products": [
    "Apple iOS and iPadOS",
    "Apple macOS"
  ],
  "cwes": [
    "CWE-295"
  ],
  "description": "A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.",
  "status": "Analyzed",
  "score_type": "Primary",
  "scores": {
    "cvss_v40": null,
    "cvss_v31": 5.5,
    "cvss_v30": null
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213927",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213931",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991",
      "tags": [
        "US Government Resource"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "nvd_url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41991",
  "covered_in": [],
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "NVD",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov",
      "notice": "This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD."
    },
    {
      "source": "CISA KEV",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "notice": "Known exploited vulnerabilities from the CISA KEV catalog."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss",
      "notice": "Exploit prediction scores from FIRST EPSS."
    }
  ]
}