{
  "id": "CVE-2024-36401",
  "url": "https://spydr.io/cve/CVE-2024-36401",
  "published": "2024-07-01T16:15:04.120Z",
  "modified": "2026-06-17T07:36:38.833Z",
  "score": 9.8,
  "severity": "critical",
  "cvss_version": "3.1",
  "vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
  "score_source": "NVD",
  "epss": 0.99813,
  "epss_percentile": 0.99958,
  "exploited": true,
  "kev": {
    "added": "2024-07-15",
    "due": "2024-08-05",
    "action": "Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.",
    "ransomware": "Unknown",
    "name": "OSGeo GeoServer GeoTools Eval Injection Vulnerability",
    "notes": "This vulnerability affects an open-source component, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. For more information, please see: https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv, https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36401"
  },
  "ssvc_exploitation": "active",
  "vendors": [
    "geoserver"
  ],
  "products": [
    "geoserver"
  ],
  "cwes": [
    "CWE-95",
    "CWE-94"
  ],
  "description": "GeoServer is an open source server that allows users to share and edit geospatial data. Prior to versions 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2, multiple OGC request parameters allow Remote Code Execution (RCE) by unauthenticated users through specially crafted input against a default GeoServer installation due to unsafely evaluating property names as XPath expressions. The GeoTools library API that GeoServer calls evaluates property/attribute names for feature types in a way that unsafely passes them to the commons-jxpath library which can execute arbitrary code when evaluating XPath expressions. This XPath evaluation is intended to be used only by complex feature types (i.e., Application Schema data stores) but is incorrectly being applied to simple feature types as well which makes this vulnerability apply to **ALL** GeoServer instances. No public PoC is provided but this vulnerability has been confirmed to be exploitable through WFS GetFeature, WFS GetPropertyValue, WMS GetMap, WMS GetFeatureInfo, WMS GetLegendGraphic and WPS Execute requests. This vulnerability can lead to executing arbitrary code. Versions 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2 contain a patch for the issue. A workaround exists by removing the `gt-complex-x.y.jar` file from the GeoServer where `x.y` is the GeoTools version (e.g., `gt-complex-31.1.jar` if running GeoServer 2.25.1). This will remove the vulnerable code from GeoServer but may break some GeoServer functionality or prevent GeoServer from deploying if the gt-complex module is needed.",
  "status": "Analyzed",
  "score_type": "Primary",
  "scores": {
    "cvss_v40": null,
    "cvss_v31": 9.8,
    "cvss_v30": null
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv",
      "tags": [
        "Mitigation",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking",
        "Patch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/geoserver-rce-cve-2024-36401",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2024-36401",
      "tags": [
        "US Government Resource"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "nvd_url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36401",
  "covered_in": [],
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "NVD",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov",
      "notice": "This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD."
    },
    {
      "source": "CISA KEV",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "notice": "Known exploited vulnerabilities from the CISA KEV catalog."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss",
      "notice": "Exploit prediction scores from FIRST EPSS."
    }
  ]
}