{
  "id": "CVE-2026-98231",
  "url": "https://spydr.io/cve/CVE-2026-98231",
  "published": "2026-10-06T09:18:10.540Z",
  "modified": "2026-10-06T09:18:10.540Z",
  "score": null,
  "severity": null,
  "cvss_version": null,
  "vector": null,
  "score_source": null,
  "epss": 0.00209,
  "epss_percentile": 0.10066,
  "exploited": false,
  "kev": null,
  "ssvc_exploitation": null,
  "vendors": [
    "Linux"
  ],
  "products": [
    "Linux"
  ],
  "cwes": [],
  "description": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush The deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling xfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep. The device GC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can destroy the same state concurrently. The race can proceed as follows: CPU 0 CPU 1 find x on the device GC list drop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock read x->xso.dev xfrm_state_gc_destroy(x) xfrm_dev_state_free(x) xfrm_state_free(x) continue xfrm_dev_state_free(x) Both paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference. CPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it. KASAN reported: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0 Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102 Call Trace: xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0 xfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400 xfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0 notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280 __dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250 netif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160 dev_change_flags+0x96/0x220 devinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880 Allocated by task 87: xfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0 xfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820 xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940 Freed by task 57: kmem_cache_free+0xcb/0x3d0 xfrm_state_gc_task+0x4a8/0x650 process_one_work+0x63a/0x1070 Serialize xfrm_state destruction against the deferred-device pass with a mutex. Keep xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock limited to list operations and retain the existing callback and device-reference release ordering.",
  "status": "Received",
  "score_type": null,
  "scores": {
    "cvss_v40": null,
    "cvss_v31": null,
    "cvss_v30": null
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201",
      "tags": []
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c",
      "tags": []
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6",
      "tags": []
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9",
      "tags": []
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1",
      "tags": []
    }
  ],
  "nvd_url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-98231",
  "covered_in": [],
  "attribution": [
    {
      "source": "NVD",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov",
      "notice": "This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD."
    },
    {
      "source": "CISA KEV",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "notice": "Known exploited vulnerabilities from the CISA KEV catalog."
    },
    {
      "source": "FIRST EPSS",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/epss",
      "notice": "Exploit prediction scores from FIRST EPSS."
    }
  ]
}